Lumispot O lo'o ofoina atu fa'amautinoaga sili ona lelei ma le 'au'aunaga pe a uma ona fa'atau atu, fa'amaonia e le atunu'u, fa'apitoa tau alamanuia, FDA, ma le CE fa'apitoa. Saosaoa le tali atu a le au faipisinisi ma le fa'agaoioia ina ua mae'a fa'atau atu.
Fa'asoa ile matou Fa'asalalauga Fa'aagafesootai Mo Fa'amatalaga Fa'anatinati
Va'alele LiDAR sensorse mafai ona pu'eina ni vaega fa'apitoa mai le pa'u leisa, e ta'ua o fua fa'afo'i tu'ufa'atasi, pe fa'amaumau le fa'ailo atoa a'o toe fo'i mai, e ta'ua o le full-waveform, i taimi tumau e pei o le 1 ns (e aofia ai le 15 cm). Ole LiDAR fa'ato'a uma e fa'aaogaina ile vaomatua, ae o le LiDAR fa'afo'i tu'ufa'atasi e lautele atu ona fa'aoga i matā'upu eseese. O lenei tusiga o loʻo faʻatalanoaina muamua le LiDAR faʻafoʻi faʻapitoa ma ona faʻaoga. I lenei mataupu, o le a tatou aofia ai nisi o autu autu e uiga i le LiDAR, e aofia ai ona vaega autu, auala e galue ai, lona saʻo, faiga, ma punaoa avanoa.
Vaega Autu ole LiDAR
Ole faiga ole LiDAR ole eleele e masani ona fa'aogaina ai leisa ma le umi o galu i le va o le 500-600 nm, a'o le LiDAR i luga ole ea e fa'aogaina ai leisa e umi atu galu, e amata mai i le 1000-1600 nm. O se seti masani a le LiDAR i luga o le ea e aofia ai le laser scanner, o se iunite mo le fuaina o le mamao (iunite vaʻaia), ma faiga mo le pulea, mataʻituina, ma le pueina. E aofia ai foʻi ma le Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) ma le Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), e masani ona tuʻufaʻatasia i totonu o se faiga e tasi e taʻua o le tulaga ma le faʻatonuga. O lenei faiga e maua ai le nofoaga sa'o (longitude, latitude, ma le maualuga) ma le fa'atonuga (roll, pitch, ma le ulutala) fa'amaumauga.
O faʻataʻitaʻiga e suʻe ai e le laser le eria e mafai ona fesuisuiai, e aofia ai auala zigzag, parallel, poʻo elliptical. O le tuʻufaʻatasia o faʻamaumauga a le DGPS ma le IMU, faʻatasi ai ma faʻamaumauga faʻavasega ma faʻamaufaʻailoga faʻapipiʻi, e mafai ai e le faiga ona faʻagasolo saʻo le aoina o le laser points. O nei mata'itusi e tu'u atu i ai fa'amaopoopo (x, y, z) i se fa'afanua fa'atulagaina fa'afanua e fa'aaoga ai le World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84) datum.
E faapefea LiDARLagona MamaoGaluega? Faamatala i se Auala Faigofie
O le LiDAR system e fa'aosoina fa'avave leisa i se mea fa'atatau po'o luga.
O pulus laser e atagia mai le taulaʻi ma toe foʻi i le masini LiDAR.
E fua tonu lava e le masini le taimi e alu ai le pa'u ta'itasi e malaga ai i le taula'iga ma tua.
I le faʻaaogaina o le saoasaoa o le malamalama ma le taimi o femalagaaiga, o le mamao i le faʻamoemoe e fuafua.
Faʻatasi ma le tulaga ma faʻamatalaga faʻamatalaga mai le GPS ma le IMU sensors, o le faʻamaopoopo 3D saʻo o le laser reflections e fuafuaina.
O le mea lea e maua ai se ao mafiafia 3D mata'itusi e fa'atusalia le mata'i po'o se mea.
Mataupu Faavae Faaletino o le LiDAR
O faiga a le LiDAR e fa'aogaina ai ituaiga laser e lua: fa'agasolo ma fa'aauau pea. Pulsed LiDAR system e galue e ala i le tu'uina atu o se pusi moli pu'upu'u ona fua lea o le taimi e alu ai le pulusi lea e malaga atu ai i le fa'amoemoe ma toe fo'i atu i le mea e maua ai. Ole fua ole taimi ole malaga toe fo'i e fesoasoani ile iloa ole mamao ile fa'amoemoe. O se faʻataʻitaʻiga o loʻo faʻaalia i se ata o loʻo faʻaalia ai le amplitudes o le faʻailoga moli (AT) ma le faʻailoga malamalama (AR). O le fua fa'atatau o lo'o fa'aogaina i lenei faiga e aofia ai le saoasaoa o le malamalama (c) ma le mamao i le fa'amoemoe (R), e mafai ai e le faiga ona fa'atatau le mamao e fa'atatau i le umi e toe fo'i mai ai le malamalama.
Fa'ato'a fa'afo'i fa'apea ma le fuaga o le galu atoa e fa'aaoga ai le LiDAR i luga ole ea.
Ole faiga masani ole LiDAR ile ea.
O le fua faʻatatau i le LiDAR, lea e manatu uma i le suʻesuʻe ma uiga o le faʻamoemoe, o loʻo aoteleina e le faʻasologa masani a le LiDAR. O lenei fa'atusatusaga e fa'atatau mai le radar equation ma e fa'avae i le malamalama pe fa'apefea ona fa'atatau e le LiDAR faiga mamao. O loʻo faʻamatalaina le sootaga i le va o le malosi o le faʻailoga faʻasalalau (Pt) ma le malosi o le faʻailoga na maua (Pr). O le mea moni, o le fa'atusatusaga e fesoasoani e fa'atatau pe fia le tele o le moli tu'uina atu e toe fa'afo'i atu i le tagata e fa'amana'o pe a uma ona atagia mai le fa'amoemoe, lea e taua tele mo le fuafuaina o mamao ma le faia o fa'afanua sa'o. O lenei mafutaga e amanaia mea e pei o le faʻaitiitia o faʻailoga ona o le mamao ma fegalegaleai ma le faʻatatau i luga.
Fa'aoga ole LiDAR Remote Sensing
LiDAR mamao sensing e tele talosaga i vaega eseese:
Fa'afanua ma fa'afanua fa'afanua mo le fa'atupuina o fa'ata'ita'iga fa'afuainumera maualuga (DEMs).
Fa'afanua o le vaomatua ma la'au e su'esu'e ai le fausaga o fa'alava o la'au ma le biomass.
Fa'afanua o le gataifale ma le matafaga mo le mata'ituina o le tafia ma suiga o le sami.
Fuafuaga o taulaga ma fa'ata'ita'iga o mea tetele, e aofia ai fale ma feso'ota'iga felauaiga.
Fa'amaumauga o tala fa'asolopito ma measina fa'ale-aganu'u o nofoaga fa'asolopito ma measina.
Su'esu'ega fa'afanua ma fa'alina mo fa'afanua foliga o luga ma mata'ituina galuega.
Ta'avale ta'avale tuto'atasi ma su'esu'ega fa'alavelave.
Su'esu'ega o le paneta, e pei o le fa'afanua o luga o Mars.
Manaomia se Konesula E leai se totogi?
LiDAR Punaoa:
O lo'o tu'uina atu i lalo se lisi e le'i atoatoa o puna'oa fa'amaumauga a le LiDAR ma polokalama fa'akomepiuta fua.
1.Tatala Topographyhttp://www.opentopography.org
2.USGS Earth Explorerhttp://earthexplorer.usgs.gov
3.United States Interagency Elevation Inventoryhttps://coast.noaa.gov/ inventory/
4.National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)Talafatai faafuainumerahttps://www.coast.noaa.gov/dataviewer/#
5.Wikipedia LiDARhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Lidar_Dataset_(United_States)
6.LiDAR Onlinehttp://www.lidar-online.com
7.National Ecological Observatory Network—NEONhttp://www.neonscience.org/data-resources/get-data/airborne-data
8.LiDAR Faʻamatalaga mo Northern Spainhttp://b5m.gipuzkoa.net/url5000/en/G_22485/PUBLI&consulta=HAZLIDAR
9.LiDAR Faʻamatalaga mo Peretaniahttp://catalogue.ceda.ac.uk/ list/?return_obj=ob&id=8049, 8042, 8051, 8053
Polokalame LiDAR e leai se totogi:
1.Manaomia ENVI. http://bcal.geology.isu.edu/ Envitools.shtml
2.FugroViewer(mo LiDAR ma isi fa'amatalaga fa'ailoga/vector) http://www.fugroviewer.com/
3.FUSION/LDV(LiDAR faʻamatalaga faʻamatalaga, liua, ma auʻiliʻiliga) http:// forsys.cfr.washington.edu/fusion/fusionlatest.html
4.LAS Meafaigaluega(Code ma polokalame mo le faitau ma le tusiaina o faila LAS) http:// www.cs.unc.edu/~isenburg/lastools/
5.LASUtility(Se seti o mea aoga GUI mo le faʻaaliga ma le liua o LASfiles) http://home.iitk.ac.in/~blohani/LASUtility/LASUtility.html
6.LibLAS(C/C++ faletusi mo le faitau/tusi LAS faatulagaga) http://www.liblas.org/
7.MCC-LiDAR(Multi-scale curvature faavasegaina mo LiDAR) http:// sourceforge.net/projects/mcclidar/
8.MARS FreeView(3D fa'aaliga o fa'amatalaga LiDAR) http://www.merrick.com/Geospatial/Software-Products/MARS-Software
9.Iloiloga Atoa(Open source software mo le gaosiga ma le vaʻaia o ao LiDARpoint ma galu) http://fullanalyze.sourceforge.net/
10.Fa'ailoga Ao Fa'amaneta (A set of software tools for LiDAR point cloud visualiza-tion, editing, filtering, 3D building modeling, and statistical analysis in forestry/ vegetation applications. Contact Dr. Cheng Wang at wangcheng@radi.ac.cn)
11.Tusi Faitau fanua vave(Visualization of LiDAR point clouds) http://appliedimagery.com/download/ E mafai ona maua meafaigaluega faakomepiuta faaopoopo a le LiDAR mai le Open Topography ToolRegistry webpage i le http://opentopo.sdsc.edu/tools/listTools.
Fa'afetai
- O lenei tusiga e aofia ai suʻesuʻega mai le "LiDAR Remote Sensing and Applications" saunia e Vinícius Guimarães, 2020. O loʻo avanoa le tusiga atoaiinei.
- O lenei lisi ma'oti ma fa'amatalaga au'ili'ili o puna'oa o fa'amaumauga a le LiDAR ma polokalama fa'akomepiuta e leai se totogi e maua ai se meafaigaluega taua mo tagata fa'apolofesa ma tagata su'esu'e i le matata o le mamao mamao ma su'esu'ega fa'afanua.
Fa'ailoga:
- Matou te taʻutino atu o nisi o ata o loʻo faʻaalia i luga o la matou upega tafaʻilagi na aoina mai le initaneti mo le faʻamoemoe o le faʻalauiloaina o aʻoaʻoga ma faʻamatalaga faʻamatalaga. Matou te fa'aaloalo i aia tatau tau meatotino a tagata uma na faia muamua. O le faʻaogaina o nei ata e le o faʻamoemoeina mo le faʻatau pisinisi.
- Afai e te talitonu o soʻo se mea o loʻo faʻaaogaina e solia ai lau puletaofia, faʻamolemole faʻafesoʻotaʻi matou. E sili atu lo matou naunau e faia ni faiga talafeagai, e aofia ai le aveeseina o ata poʻo le tuʻuina atu o faʻamatalaga talafeagai, ina ia mautinoa le tausisia o tulafono ma tulafono faatonutonu. O la matou sini o le fa'atumauina o se fa'avae e fa'atamaoaigaina i mea o lo'o i ai, sa'o, ma fa'aaloalo i aia tatau tau meatotino a isi.
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Taimi meli: Apr-16-2024